What does fluency in reading refer to?

Fluency in reading refers to the ability to read text quickly, accurately, and expressively. This skill encompasses not only the speed at which a reader can process text but also their ability to read without constantly pausing to decode words. When a reader is fluent, they can focus on understanding the meaning of the text rather than getting caught up in individual words. This comprehension is fostered through practice and supports overall reading development, contributing to a more enjoyable and effective reading experience.

In contrast, options that describe reading with hesitation, without understanding, or solely at a slow pace do not capture the essence of fluency. Hesitant reading often indicates a lack of fluency, as it disrupts the flow of comprehension. Reading without understanding means the reader may be able to decode the words but lacks the fluency necessary to grasp the text's meaning fully. Similarly, reading only at a slow pace does not necessarily imply fluency, as fluency also includes the elements of accuracy and expressiveness, which are essential for effective reading.